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  5. Lesson 19: Minna no Nihongo Lesson 19
Grammar•JLPT N5

Learn JLPT N5 Minna no Nihongo Lesson 19

Minna no Nihongo Lesson 19

Lesson 19
Video Tutorial

Video Lesson

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Lesson Content

In Lesson 19 you will learn new verb form (た‑form), how to talk about past experiences, how to list multiple actions or states, how to say “to become …”, and describe changes of state or characteristics.


Grammar


1. Verb た‑form (て/で form → た/だ)


In Lesson 19 you learn how to convert verbs from “て‑form / で‑form” into the “た‑form / だ‑form.” For example: かいて → かいた, のんで → のんだ; たべて → たべた; きて → きた; して → した.


The た‑form lets you express past (plain) actions or use other grammar patterns based on it.


2. “Have you ever …?” / Past experience — 〜たことがあります / 〜たことがありません


Use Verb(た‑form) + ことがあります to say you have experienced something in the past.


Example: 「うまにのったことがあります。」 — “I have ridden a horse.”



Negative: 〜たことがありません — to say you have never done something.


Example: 「すしをいちどもたべたことがありません。」 — “I have never eaten sushi (even once).”



This pattern is useful when talking about life experiences or asking others about their experiences.


3. Listing representative actions / activities — 〜たり、〜たりします/しました


You can list several sample actions (not necessarily all actions) using Verb(た-form) + り, ... + りします / しました. This is used to describe activities you do occasionally or among other actions.


Example (present/future): 「にちようびは ほんをよんだり、えいがをみたりします。」 — On Sundays I (sometimes) read books and (sometimes) watch movies.


Example (past): 「きのう こうえんをさんぽしたり、レストランでしょくじしたりしました。」 — Yesterday I went for a walk in the park and ate at a restaurant.



Use this when you want to show variety of actions, not a strict sequence.


4. Expressing “become / get ~” — 〜くなる / 〜になります / 〜になりました


To express change of state or condition:


For い‑adjectives: drop い, replace with 〜くなる / 〜くなりました — e.g. さむい → さむくなる / さむくなりました (it becomes cold / has become cold)


For な‑adjectives or nouns: add 〜になります / 〜になりました — e.g. 元気 → 元気になります / ~になりました (become healthy / has become healthy)



Use this when describing a change: condition, age, mood, etc.


Also, a common phrase used in conversation is 「〜になりましたね。」 / 「〜くなりましたね。」 — “It has become ~, hasn’t it?” for agreement/confirmation.


Vocabulary (Sample from Lesson 19)


Here are some useful verbs, adjectives and nouns introduced in Lesson 19.


Japanese (hiragana) English meaning


のぼります (のぼる) climb (e.g. a mountain)

れんしゅうします practice / training / rehearse

そうじします clean / clean up

せんたくします do laundry / wash clothes

とまります (とまる) stay overnight / lodge / stay at (inn)

なります become / get / turn into

ねむい sleepy / drowsy

つよい strong

よわい weak

ちょうし condition / state / health condition

おちゃ tea

すもう sumo (wrestling)

ゴルフ, パチンコ golf; pachinko (game)



These help you talk about daily life, activities, states and changes.


Example Sentences Using Lesson 19 Grammar


「日本に行ったことがありますか。」 — Have you ever been to Japan?


「まだ いちども すしを食べたことがありません。」 — I have never eaten sushi even once.


「にちようびは そうじしたり、せんたくしたりします。」 — On Sundays I do things like cleaning and laundry.


「さむくな

りましたね。」 — It’s become cold, hasn’t it?


「来年、二十五歳になります。」 — Next year I will become 25 years old.

Previous Lesson

Lesson 18

Next Lesson

Lesson 20

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