In Lesson 19 you will learn new verb form (ใโform), how to talk about past experiences, how to list multiple actions or states, how to say โto become โฆโ, and describe changes of state or characteristics.
Grammar
1. Verb ใโform (ใฆ๏ผใง form โ ใ๏ผใ )
In Lessonโฏ19 you learn how to convert verbs from โใฆโform / ใงโformโ into the โใโform / ใ โform.โ For example: ใใใฆ โ ใใใ, ใฎใใง โ ใฎใใ ; ใในใฆ โ ใในใ; ใใฆ โ ใใ; ใใฆ โ ใใ.
The ใโform lets you express past (plain) actions or use other grammar patterns based on it.
2. โHave you ever โฆ?โ / Past experience โ ใใใใจใใใใพใ / ใใใใจใใใใพใใ
Use Verb(ใโform) + ใใจใใใใพใ to say you have experienced something in the past.
Example: ใใใพใซใฎใฃใใใจใใใใพใใใ โ โI have ridden a horse.โ
Negative: ใใใใจใใใใพใใ โ to say you have never done something.
Example: ใใใใใใกใฉใใในใใใจใใใใพใใใใ โ โI have never eaten sushi (even once).โ
This pattern is useful when talking about life experiences or asking others about their experiences.
3. Listing representative actions / activities โ ใใใใใใใใใพใ๏ผใใพใใ
You can list several sample actions (not necessarily all actions) using Verb(ใ-form) + ใ, ... + ใใใพใ / ใใพใใ. This is used to describe activities you do occasionally or among other actions.
Example (present/future): ใใซใกใใใณใฏ ใปใใใใใ ใใใใใใใฟใใใใพใใใ โ On Sundays I (sometimes) read books and (sometimes) watch movies.
Example (past): ใใใฎใ ใใใใใใใใฝใใใใใฌในใใฉใณใงใใใใใใใใใพใใใใ โ Yesterday I went for a walk in the park and ate at a restaurant.
Use this when you want to show variety of actions, not a strict sequence.
4. Expressing โbecome / get ~โ โ ใใใชใ / ใใซใชใใพใ / ใใซใชใใพใใ
To express change of state or condition:
For ใโadjectives: drop ใ, replace with ใใใชใ / ใใใชใใพใใ โ e.g. ใใใ โ ใใใใชใ / ใใใใชใใพใใ (it becomes cold / has become cold)
For ใชโadjectives or nouns: add ใใซใชใใพใ / ใใซใชใใพใใ โ e.g. ๅ ๆฐ โ ๅ ๆฐใซใชใใพใ / ๏ฝใซใชใใพใใ (become healthy / has become healthy)
Use this when describing a change: condition, age, mood, etc.
Also, a common phrase used in conversation is ใใใซใชใใพใใใญใใ / ใใใใชใใพใใใญใใ โ โIt has become ~, hasnโt it?โ for agreement/confirmation.
Vocabulary (Sample from Lesson 19)
Here are some useful verbs, adjectives and nouns introduced in Lessonโฏ19.
Japanese (hiragana) English meaning
ใฎใผใใพใ (ใฎใผใ) climb (e.g. a mountain)
ใใใใ ใใใพใ practice / training / rehearse
ใใใใใพใ clean / clean up
ใใใใใใพใ do laundry / wash clothes
ใจใพใใพใ (ใจใพใ) stay overnight / lodge / stay at (inn)
ใชใใพใ become / get / turn into
ใญใใ sleepy / drowsy
ใคใใ strong
ใใใ weak
ใกใใใ condition / state / health condition
ใใกใ tea
ใใใ sumo (wrestling)
ใดใซใ, ใใใณใณ golf; pachinko (game)
These help you talk about daily life, activities, states and changes.
Example Sentences Using Lesson 19 Grammar
ใๆฅๆฌใซ่กใฃใใใจใใใใพใใใใ โ Have you ever been to Japan?
ใใพใ ใใกใฉใ ใใใ้ฃในใใใจใใใใพใใใใ โ I have never eaten sushi even once.
ใใซใกใใใณใฏ ใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใใพใใใ โ On Sundays I do things like cleaning and laundry.
ใใใใใช
ใใพใใใญใใ โ Itโs become cold, hasnโt it?
ใๆฅๅนดใไบๅไบๆญณใซใชใใพใใใ โ Next year I will become 25 years old.