Lesson 20 teaches the plain / casual style (futsลซโtai) in Japanese. This is the form used when speaking casually with friends, family, or in informal writing.
By the end of this lesson, learners will be able to:
Convert polite ใใพใ / ใใงใ sentences to plain form (dictionary form for verbs, plain adjectives, plain nouns)
Understand casual speech in daily life and informal writing
Use vocabulary for daily situations
Grammar โ Plain Style (Futsลซโtai)
1. How to change to plain form
Verbs
Polite ใพใ โ dictionary / plain form
่กใใพใ โ ่กใ
้ฃในใพใ โ ้ฃในใ
ใใพใใ โ ใใชใ
ใใพใใ โ ใใ
่ฒทใใพใใใงใใ โ ่ฒทใใชใใฃใ
ใโadjectives
Drop ใงใ; negative/past forms: ใใใชใ / ใใใฃใ / ใใใชใใฃใ
ใใใใใใงใ โ ใใใใใ
ใใใใฃใใงใ โ ใใใใฃใ
ใชโadjectives & nouns
Drop ใงใ / ใงใใ; use ใ / ใใใชใ / ใ ใฃใ / ใใใชใใฃใ
ใใใใงใ โ ใใใใ
ใใใงใใ โ ใใใ ใฃใ
Examples
Polite โ Plain
ใใใ ใจใใใใใธ ใใใพใใ โ ใใใ ใจใใใใใธ ใใใ โ I will go to Tokyo tomorrow.
ใพใใซใก ใใใใใใงใใ โ ใพใใซใก ใใใใใใ โ Iโm busy every day.
ใใใใ ใใใงใใ โ ใใใใ ใใใ ใ โ I like sumo.
Vocabulary (Selected from Lesson 20)
Japanese (dictionary form) English meaning
ใใใพใ๏ผใใ ใใใพใ๏ผ to need (e.g., visa needed)
ใใในใพใ to check / investigate / look into
ใชใใใพใ / ใใ ใใใใพใ to fix / repair
ใงใใใใพใ to call / telephone
ใผใ I / me (used by males, casual)
ใใฟ you (casual / familiar)
ใใใ suffix after boysโ / male names (informal)
ใใจใฐ word / language
ใใใฎ kimono / traditional clothing
ใใถ visa
ใใใใ various / all sorts of
ใใใฉ but / though (casual conjunction)
Casual responses
ใใ โ yes (informal of ใฏใ)
ใใใ โ no (informal of ใใใ)
Usage / Importance of Plain Style
Use plain style when speaking informally with friends, family, classmates.
Useful in diaries, personal messages, casual writing.
Understanding plain form helps you read informal Japanese in manga, movies, and everyday conversations.