In Lessonโฏ17, you learn how to use the โใชใ formโ of verbs (negative form) and related expressions to:
Say โdonโt do โฆโ (polite request)
Express obligation (โmust do โฆโ)
Express โdonโt have toโ / โnot necessary to do โฆโ
Understand basic negative conjugation rules
Grammar
1. The ใชใโform of Verbs (negative)
The โใชใโformโ is used to make negative verbs (not do ~).
How to form (ๆฆ่ฆ)
Group I verbs (uโverbs): change final โโuโ sound to corresponding โaโlineโ + ใชใ
ใใใพใ โ ใใใชใ
ใฎใฟใพใ โ ใฎใพใชใ
ใใใพใ โ ใใใชใ
Group II verbs (ruโverbs): drop ใ and add ใชใ
ใในใพใ โ ใในใชใ
ใฟใพใ โ ใฟใชใ
Irregular verbs:
ใใพใ โ ใใชใ, ใใพใ โ ใใชใ
2. Negative Request: ~ใชใใงใใ ใใ (Please donโt ~)
Use this to politely ask someone not to do something.
Example:
ใใใใงใใใใใใใใจใใชใใงใใ ใใใใ โ Please donโt take pictures here.
3. Obligation: ~ใชใใใฐใชใใพใใ (must / have to ~)
Use the verbโs ใชใโform (drop ใชใ), then add ใชใใใฐใชใใพใใ to express that you must do something.
Example:
ใใใใใใใฎใพใชใใใฐใชใใพใใใใ โ I must take medicine.
ใใพใใซใกใซใปใใใใในใใใใใใชใใใฐใชใใพใใใใ โ I have to study Japanese every day.
4. No obligation / Not necessary: ~ใชใใฆใใใใงใ (Donโt have to ~)
This is used when itโs not necessary to do something. Use ใชใโform (drop ใชใ) + ใชใใฆใใใใงใ.
Example:
ใใใใใใใชใใฆใใใใงใใใ โ You donโt have to come tomorrow.
Common Verbs & Vocabulary (from Lesson 17)
Here are some common verbs/words introduced in Lessonโฏ17.
Japanese (hiragana / dictionary form) English meaning
ใใผใใ (ใใผใใพใ) to remember / learn / memorize
ใใใใ (ใใใใพใ) to forget
ใชใใ (ใชใใใพใ) to lose (something)
ใ ใ (ใ ใใพใ) to take out / submit / hand in (e.g. report)
ใฏใใ (ใฏใใใพใ) to pay
ใใใ (ใใใใพใ) to return something / give back
ใงใใใ (ใงใใใพใ) to go out
ใฌใ (ใฌใใพใ) to take off (clothes, shoes)
ใใฃใฆใใ (ใใฃใฆใใใพใ) to take (something) somewhere / to bring away
ใใฃใฆใใ (ใใฃใฆใใพใ) to bring (something) to here / come with something
Examples Summary (Quick Reference)
Expression / Pattern Japanese (hiragana) English meaning
Negative verb (naiโform) ใฎใพใชใ / ใในใชใ / ใใใชใ not drink / not eat / not go
Please donโt ~ ๏ฝใชใใงใใ ใใ Please donโt ~
Must/have to ~ ๏ฝใชใใใฐใชใใพใใ must / have to ~
Donโt have to ~ / not necessary ๏ฝใชใใฆใใใใงใ donโt have to ~
Example โ donโt take photos ใใใงใใใใใใใใจใใชใใงใใ ใใใ Please donโt take pictures here.
Example โ must take medicine ใใใใใใฎใพใชใใใฐใชใใพใใใ I must take medicine.
Example โ donโt have to come ใใใใใใชใใฆใใใใงใใ You donโt have to come tomorrow.