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  5. Lesson 17: Minna no Nihongo Lesson 17
Grammarโ€ขJLPT N5

Learn JLPT N5 Minna no Nihongo Lesson 17

Minna no Nihongo Lesson 17

Lesson 17
Video Tutorial

Video Lesson

Watch on YouTube โ†—

Lesson Content

In Lessonโ€ฏ17, you learn how to use the โ€œใชใ„ formโ€ of verbs (negative form) and related expressions to:


Say โ€œdonโ€™t do โ€ฆโ€ (polite request)


Express obligation (โ€œmust do โ€ฆโ€)


Express โ€œdonโ€™t have toโ€ / โ€œnot necessary to do โ€ฆโ€


Understand basic negative conjugation rules


Grammar


1. The ใชใ„โ€‘form of Verbs (negative)


The โ€œใชใ„โ€‘formโ€ is used to make negative verbs (not do ~).


How to form (ๆฆ‚่ฆ)


Group I verbs (uโ€‘verbs): change final โ€œโ€‘uโ€ sound to corresponding โ€œaโ€‘lineโ€ + ใชใ„


ใ‹ใใพใ™ โ†’ ใ‹ใ‹ใชใ„


ใฎใฟใพใ™ โ†’ ใฎใพใชใ„


ใ„ใใพใ™ โ†’ ใ„ใ‹ใชใ„



Group II verbs (ruโ€‘verbs): drop ใ‚‹ and add ใชใ„


ใŸในใพใ™ โ†’ ใŸในใชใ„


ใฟใพใ™ โ†’ ใฟใชใ„



Irregular verbs:


ใ—ใพใ™ โ†’ ใ—ใชใ„, ใใพใ™ โ†’ ใ“ใชใ„


2. Negative Request: ~ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ (Please donโ€™t ~)


Use this to politely ask someone not to do something.


Example:


ใ€Œใ“ใ“ใงใ€€ใ—ใ‚ƒใ—ใ‚“ใ‚’ใ€€ใจใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ใ€ โ€” Please donโ€™t take pictures here.


3. Obligation: ~ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ (must / have to ~)


Use the verbโ€™s ใชใ„โ€‘form (drop ใชใ„), then add ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ to express that you must do something.


Example:


ใ€Œใใ™ใ‚Šใ‚’ใ€€ใฎใพใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ โ€” I must take medicine.


ใ€Œใพใ„ใซใกใซใปใ‚“ใ”ใ‚’ใ€€ในใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ โ€” I have to study Japanese every day.


4. No obligation / Not necessary: ~ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ (Donโ€™t have to ~)


This is used when itโ€™s not necessary to do something. Use ใชใ„โ€‘form (drop ใชใ„) + ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™.


Example:


ใ€Œใ‚ใ—ใŸใ€€ใ“ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ โ€” You donโ€™t have to come tomorrow.


Common Verbs & Vocabulary (from Lesson 17)


Here are some common verbs/words introduced in Lessonโ€ฏ17.


Japanese (hiragana / dictionary form) English meaning


ใŠใผใˆใ‚‹ (ใŠใผใˆใพใ™) to remember / learn / memorize

ใ‚ใ™ใ‚Œใ‚‹ (ใ‚ใ™ใ‚Œใพใ™) to forget

ใชใใ™ (ใชใใ—ใพใ™) to lose (something)

ใ ใ™ (ใ ใ—ใพใ™) to take out / submit / hand in (e.g. report)

ใฏใ‚‰ใ† (ใฏใ‚‰ใ„ใพใ™) to pay

ใ‹ใˆใ™ (ใ‹ใˆใ—ใพใ™) to return something / give back

ใงใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ (ใงใ‹ใ‘ใพใ™) to go out

ใฌใ (ใฌใŽใพใ™) to take off (clothes, shoes)

ใ‚‚ใฃใฆใ„ใ (ใ‚‚ใฃใฆใ„ใใพใ™) to take (something) somewhere / to bring away

ใ‚‚ใฃใฆใใ‚‹ (ใ‚‚ใฃใฆใใพใ™) to bring (something) to here / come with something


Examples Summary (Quick Reference)


Expression / Pattern Japanese (hiragana) English meaning


Negative verb (naiโ€‘form) ใฎใพใชใ„ / ใŸในใชใ„ / ใ„ใ‹ใชใ„ not drink / not eat / not go

Please donโ€™t ~ ๏ฝžใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ Please donโ€™t ~

Must/have to ~ ๏ฝžใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ must / have to ~

Donโ€™t have to ~ / not necessary ๏ฝžใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ donโ€™t have to ~

Example โ€“ donโ€™t take photos ใ“ใ“ใงใ€€ใ—ใ‚ƒใ—ใ‚“ใ‚’ใ€€ใจใ‚‰ใชใ„ใงใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚ Please donโ€™t take pictures here.

Example โ€“ must take medicine ใใ™ใ‚Šใ‚’ใ€€ใฎใพใชใ‘ใ‚Œใฐใชใ‚Šใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ I must take medicine.

Example โ€“ donโ€™t have to come ใ‚ใ—ใŸใ€€ใ“ใชใใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ You donโ€™t have to come tomorrow.

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