Learn Lesson 15 of Minna no Nihongo Elementary I. Master Japanese grammar for permission, prohibition, te-form + ใใพใ, ใใฃใฆใใพใ, ใใฃใฆใใพใ with examples for beginners.
Introduction
Lesson 15 of Minna no Nihongo Elementary I teaches essential grammar for beginners. In this lesson, you will learn how to:
1.Ask for and give permission
2.Express prohibition (what is not allowed)
3.Describe ongoing actions, possessions, and knowledge using Te-form + ใใพใ
By the end of this lesson, you will be able to communicate politely in everyday situations and talk about actions, rules, and what people have or know.
Grammar
1. Asking for and Giving Permission (ใใฆ ใใใใงใ)
The expression ใใฆ ใใใใงใ is used to ask for or give permission.
Examples:
ใใใใใใใจใฃใฆใใใใงใใใ โ You may take pictures.
ใใใใงใใใฃใฆใใใใงใใใใ โ May I sit here?
ใใใใใใฟใฆใใใใงใใใ โ Itโs okay to watch a movie.
Usage: Polite way to ask or allow someone to do something.
2. Expressing Prohibition (ใใฆ ใฏ ใใใพใใ)
The expression ใใฆ ใฏ ใใใพใใ is used to say something is forbidden.
Examples:
ใใใใงใใฐใใใใฃใฆใฏใใใพใใใใ โ You must not smoke here.
ใใใใใใคใงใใใใใงใใใใคใใฃใฆใฏใใใพใใใใ โ You cannot use a mobile phone in the classroom.
ใใใใใงใฆใฏใใใพใใใใ โ You must not leave the station.
Usage: Polite way to inform someone about rules or restrictions.
3. Te-form + ใใพใ (ใใฆ ใใพใ)
The structure ใใฆ ใใพใ is used to describe:
Ongoing actions or states
Habitual actions
Possessions and knowledge
Examples:
1.ใใใใใฏใใใใใซใใใงใใพใใใ โ I live in Osaka.
2.ใใใใฏใฑใใใใใใฃใฆใใพใใใ โ He has a computer.
3.ใใใฎใฒใจใใใฃใฆใใพใใใ โ I know that person.
4.ใใใฎใใใฏใซใปใใใในใใใใใใฆใใพใใใ โ She is studying Japanese.
Notes:
1.ใใฃใฆใใพใ โ indicates possession
2.ใใฃใฆใใพใ โ indicates knowledge
Common Verbs in Lesson 15
Japanese English
ใใกใพใ Stand
ใใใใพใ Sit
ใคใใใพใ Use
ใใใพใ Put / Place
ใคใใใพใ Make / Produce
ใใใพใ Sell
ใใใพใ Get to know / Learn about
ใใฟใพใ Live
ใใฃใฆใใพใ Have / Possess
ใใฃใฆใใพใ Know
Key Takeaways
1.Permission: ใใฆ ใใใใงใ โ โItโs okay to โฆโ
2.Prohibition: ใใฆ ใฏ ใใใพใใ โ โYou must not โฆโ
3.Ongoing actions / possessions / knowledge: ใใฆ ใใพใ, ใใฃใฆใใพใ, ใใฃใฆใใพใ
Optional Example Table (Quick Reference)
Grammar Japanese English
Permission ใใใใใใจใฃใฆใใใใงใใ You may take pictures.
Prohibition ใใใงใใฐใใใใฃใฆใฏใใใพใใใ You must not smoke here.
Ongoing Action ใใฎใใใฏใซใปใ
ใใในใใใใใใฆใใพใใ She is studying Japanese.
Possession ใใใฏใฑใใใใใใฃใฆใใพใใ He has a computer.
Knowledge ใใฎใฒใจใใใฃใฆใใพใใ I know that person.