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  5. Lesson 15: Minna no Nihongo Lesson 15
Grammarโ€ขJLPT N5

Learn JLPT N5 Minna no Nihongo Lesson 15

Minna no Nihongo Lesson 15

Lesson 15
Video Tutorial

Video Lesson

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Lesson Content

Learn Lesson 15 of Minna no Nihongo Elementary I. Master Japanese grammar for permission, prohibition, te-form + ใ„ใพใ™, ใ‚‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™, ใ—ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ with examples for beginners.


Introduction

Lesson 15 of Minna no Nihongo Elementary I teaches essential grammar for beginners. In this lesson, you will learn how to:


1.Ask for and give permission

2.Express prohibition (what is not allowed)

3.Describe ongoing actions, possessions, and knowledge using Te-form + ใ„ใพใ™


By the end of this lesson, you will be able to communicate politely in everyday situations and talk about actions, rules, and what people have or know.


Grammar


1. Asking for and Giving Permission (ใ€œใฆ ใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™)


The expression ใ€œใฆ ใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ is used to ask for or give permission.


Examples:


ใ€Œใ—ใ‚ƒใ—ใ‚“ใ‚’ใจใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ โ€” You may take pictures.


ใ€Œใ“ใ“ใงใ™ใ‚ใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ‹ใ€‚ใ€ โ€” May I sit here?


ใ€Œใˆใ„ใŒใ‚’ใฟใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ใ€ โ€” Itโ€™s okay to watch a movie.

Usage: Polite way to ask or allow someone to do something.


2. Expressing Prohibition (ใ€œใฆ ใฏ ใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“)


The expression ใ€œใฆ ใฏ ใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ is used to say something is forbidden.


Examples:


ใ€Œใ“ใ“ใงใŸใฐใ“ใ‚’ใ™ใฃใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ โ€” You must not smoke here.


ใ€Œใใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใคใงใ‘ใ„ใŸใ„ใงใ‚“ใ‚ใ‚’ใคใ‹ใฃใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ โ€” You cannot use a mobile phone in the classroom.


ใ€Œใˆใใ‚’ใงใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ใ€ โ€” You must not leave the station.

Usage: Polite way to inform someone about rules or restrictions.


3. Te-form + ใ„ใพใ™ (ใ€œใฆ ใ„ใพใ™)


The structure ใ€œใฆ ใ„ใพใ™ is used to describe:


Ongoing actions or states


Habitual actions


Possessions and knowledge



Examples:


1.ใ€Œใ‚ใŸใ—ใฏใŠใŠใ•ใ‹ใซใ™ใ‚“ใงใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ โ€” I live in Osaka.

2.ใ€Œใ‹ใ‚Œใฏใฑใใ“ใ‚“ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ โ€” He has a computer.

3.ใ€Œใ‚ใฎใฒใจใ‚’ใ—ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ โ€” I know that person.

4.ใ€Œใ‹ใฎใ˜ใ‚‡ใฏใซใปใ‚“ใ”ใ‚’ในใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ€ โ€” She is studying Japanese.


Notes:

1.ใ‚‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ โ€” indicates possession

2.ใ—ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ โ€” indicates knowledge


Common Verbs in Lesson 15

Japanese English

ใŸใกใพใ™ Stand

ใ™ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ Sit

ใคใ‹ใ„ใพใ™ Use

ใŠใใพใ™ Put / Place

ใคใใ‚Šใพใ™ Make / Produce

ใ†ใ‚Šใพใ™ Sell

ใ—ใ‚Šใพใ™ Get to know / Learn about

ใ™ใฟใพใ™ Live

ใ‚‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ Have / Possess

ใ—ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ Know


Key Takeaways

1.Permission: ใ€œใฆ ใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ โ€” โ€œItโ€™s okay to โ€ฆโ€

2.Prohibition: ใ€œใฆ ใฏ ใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ โ€” โ€œYou must not โ€ฆโ€

3.Ongoing actions / possessions / knowledge: ใ€œใฆ ใ„ใพใ™, ใ‚‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™, ใ—ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™


Optional Example Table (Quick Reference)

Grammar Japanese English

Permission ใ—ใ‚ƒใ—ใ‚“ใ‚’ใจใฃใฆใ‚‚ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚ You may take pictures.

Prohibition ใ“ใ“ใงใŸใฐใ“ใ‚’ใ™ใฃใฆใฏใ„ใ‘ใพใ›ใ‚“ใ€‚ You must not smoke here.

Ongoing Action ใ‹ใฎใ˜ใ‚‡ใฏใซใปใ‚“

ใ”ใ‚’ในใ‚“ใใ‚‡ใ†ใ—ใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ She is studying Japanese.

Possession ใ‹ใ‚Œใฏใฑใใ“ใ‚“ใ‚’ใ‚‚ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ He has a computer.

Knowledge ใ‚ใฎใฒใจใ‚’ใ—ใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™ใ€‚ I know that person.

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