Minna no Nihongo Elementary Book 1 โ Lesson 12 Grammar (Clear, Simple Explanation)
Lesson 12 teaches you how to describe feelings, conditions, impressions, and past experiences using adjectives.
There are two types of adjectives: ใ-adjectives and ใช-adjectives, and each follows different rules.
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โ 1. ใ-Adjectives (How They Change)
ใ-adjectives end with ใ, such as ใใใ, ใใคใ, ใฒใใ.
Form changes:
Present: ใใใใงใ
Negative: ใใใใชใใงใ
Past: ใใใใฃใใงใ
Past Negative: ใใใใชใใฃใใงใ
Examples:
ใใใใฏ ใใใใงใใ
Today is cold.
ใใฎใใฏ ใใใใชใใฃใใงใใ
Yesterday wasnโt cold.
ใใฎใธใใฏ ใฒใใใฃใใงใใ
This room was spacious.
Use ใ-adjectives to describe:
weather, feelings, food, size, impressions.
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โ 2. ใช-Adjectives (How They Change)
These adjectives need ใช before a noun, such as ใใใ, ใซใใใ, ในใใ.
Form changes:
Present: ใใใใงใ
Negative: ใใใใใใชใใงใ
Past: ใใใใงใใ
Past Negative: ใใใใใใชใใฃใใงใ
Examples:
ใใฎใพใกใฏ ใซใใใใงใใ
This town is lively.
ใใฎใธใใฏ ใใใใใใชใใงใใ
This room is not quiet.
ใใฎใใฏ ใซใใใใงใใใ
Yesterday was lively.
Use ใช-adjectives to talk about:
states, conditions, personality, place descriptions.
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โ 3. Special Adjective: ใใ (Changes to ใใ)
The adjective ใใ becomes ใใ when you change the form.
Correct forms:
ใใใงใ โ good
ใใใชใใงใ โ not good
ใใใฃใใงใ โ was good
ใใใชใใฃใใงใ โ was not good
Examples:
ใใฎใฌในใใฉใณใฏ ใใใงใใ
This restaurant is good.
ใใฎใใฎใใผใใฃใผใฏ ใใใฃใใงใใ
Yesterdayโs party was good.
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โ 4. ใจใฆใ and ใใใ (Very / A little)
These words show degree.
ใจใฆใ = very
ใใใ = a little / slightly
Examples:
ใใฎใฑใผใญใฏ ใจใฆใ ใใพใใงใใ
This cake is very sweet.
ใใใใฏ ใใใ ใใใใงใใ
Today is a little cold.
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โ 5. Asking About Someoneโs Experience: ใฉใใงใใใ
Use ใฉใใงใใใ to ask โHow was it?โ
Examples:
ใใใใใฏ ใฉใใงใใใใ
How was the trip?
ใใผใใฃใผใฏ ใฉใใงใใใใ
How was the party?
Answer using past adjective forms:
ใจใฆใ ใใฎใใใฃใใงใใ
It was very fun.
ใใพใ ใใใชใใฃใใงใใ
It wasnโt very good.
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โญ Simple Lesson 12 Summary
ใ-adjectives change to ๏ฝใใชใ, ๏ฝใใฃใ, ๏ฝใใชใใฃใ
ใช-adjectives change to ๏ฝใใใชใ, ๏ฝใงใใ, ๏ฝใใใชใใฃใ
ใใ โ ใใ before changing form
ใจใฆใ = very
ใใใ = a little
ใฉใใงใใใ = How was it?