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  5. Lesson 12: Minna no Nihongo Lesson 12
Grammarโ€ขJLPT N5

Learn JLPT N5 Minna no Nihongo Lesson 12

Minna no Nihongo Lesson 12

Lesson 12
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Video Lesson

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Lesson Content

Minna no Nihongo Elementary Book 1 โ€“ Lesson 12 Grammar (Clear, Simple Explanation)


Lesson 12 teaches you how to describe feelings, conditions, impressions, and past experiences using adjectives.

There are two types of adjectives: ใ„-adjectives and ใช-adjectives, and each follows different rules.



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โœ… 1. ใ„-Adjectives (How They Change)


ใ„-adjectives end with ใ„, such as ใ•ใ‚€ใ„, ใ‚ใคใ„, ใฒใ‚ใ„.


Form changes:


Present: ใ•ใ‚€ใ„ใงใ™


Negative: ใ•ใ‚€ใใชใ„ใงใ™


Past: ใ•ใ‚€ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™


Past Negative: ใ•ใ‚€ใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™



Examples:


ใใ‚‡ใ†ใฏ ใ•ใ‚€ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

Today is cold.


ใใฎใ†ใฏ ใ•ใ‚€ใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚

Yesterday wasnโ€™t cold.


ใ“ใฎใธใ‚„ใฏ ใฒใ‚ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚

This room was spacious.



Use ใ„-adjectives to describe:

weather, feelings, food, size, impressions.



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โœ… 2. ใช-Adjectives (How They Change)


These adjectives need ใช before a noun, such as ใ—ใšใ‹, ใซใŽใ‚„ใ‹, ในใ‚“ใ‚Š.


Form changes:


Present: ใ—ใšใ‹ใงใ™


Negative: ใ—ใšใ‹ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™


Past: ใ—ใšใ‹ใงใ—ใŸ


Past Negative: ใ—ใšใ‹ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™



Examples:


ใ“ใฎใพใกใฏ ใซใŽใ‚„ใ‹ใงใ™ใ€‚

This town is lively.


ใ“ใฎใธใ‚„ใฏ ใ—ใšใ‹ใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

This room is not quiet.


ใใฎใ†ใฏ ใซใŽใ‚„ใ‹ใงใ—ใŸใ€‚

Yesterday was lively.



Use ใช-adjectives to talk about:

states, conditions, personality, place descriptions.



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โœ… 3. Special Adjective: ใ„ใ„ (Changes to ใ‚ˆใ„)


The adjective ใ„ใ„ becomes ใ‚ˆใ„ when you change the form.


Correct forms:


ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ โ†’ good


ใ‚ˆใใชใ„ใงใ™ โ†’ not good


ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ โ†’ was good


ใ‚ˆใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ โ†’ was not good



Examples:


ใ“ใฎใƒฌใ‚นใƒˆใƒฉใƒณใฏ ใ„ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

This restaurant is good.


ใใฎใ†ใฎใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฏ ใ‚ˆใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚

Yesterdayโ€™s party was good.




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โœ… 4. ใจใฆใ‚‚ and ใ™ใ“ใ— (Very / A little)


These words show degree.


ใจใฆใ‚‚ = very


ใ™ใ“ใ— = a little / slightly



Examples:


ใ“ใฎใ‚ฑใƒผใ‚ญใฏ ใจใฆใ‚‚ ใ‚ใพใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

This cake is very sweet.


ใใ‚‡ใ†ใฏ ใ™ใ“ใ— ใ•ใ‚€ใ„ใงใ™ใ€‚

Today is a little cold.




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โœ… 5. Asking About Someoneโ€™s Experience: ใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹


Use ใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹ to ask โ€œHow was it?โ€


Examples:


ใ‚Šใ‚‡ใ“ใ†ใฏ ใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚

How was the trip?


ใƒ‘ใƒผใƒ†ใ‚ฃใƒผใฏ ใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹ใ€‚

How was the party?



Answer using past adjective forms:


ใจใฆใ‚‚ ใŸใฎใ—ใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚

It was very fun.


ใ‚ใพใ‚Š ใ‚ˆใใชใ‹ใฃใŸใงใ™ใ€‚

It wasnโ€™t very good.




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โญ Simple Lesson 12 Summary


ใ„-adjectives change to ๏ฝžใใชใ„, ๏ฝžใ‹ใฃใŸ, ๏ฝžใใชใ‹ใฃใŸ


ใช-adjectives change to ๏ฝžใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ„, ๏ฝžใงใ—ใŸ, ๏ฝžใ˜ใ‚ƒใชใ‹ใฃใŸ


ใ„ใ„ โ†’ ใ‚ˆใ„ before changing form


ใจใฆใ‚‚ = very


ใ™ใ“ใ— = a little


ใฉใ†ใงใ—ใŸใ‹ = How was it?

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