📘 Lesson 39 – Grammar Explanation
In this lesson, we learn how to express reason (because) and “in the middle of doing something” in Japanese.
This lesson is very important for JLPT N4 and daily conversation.
🔴 1. 〜て／で (Soft reason – feeling only)
Meaning
because / and so
used for feelings and situations only
not used for orders, requests, or decisions
Structure
verb + て
i-adjective + くて
na-adjective + で
noun + で
Examples
あめがふって、こまりました。
Nepali: पानी परेर समस्या भयो।
English: It rained, so I was troubled.
あつくて、つかれました。
Nepali: गर्मी भएर म थाकें।
English: It was hot, so I got tired.
しずかで、あんしんしました。
Nepali: शान्त भएर ढुक्क लाग्यो।
English: It was quiet, so I felt relieved.
🔴 2. 〜なくて (Negative reason)
Meaning
because something does not exist / did not happen
used with negative reasons and feelings
Structure
verb negative + なくて
Examples
じかんがなくて、こまりました。
Nepali: समय नभएर समस्या भयो।
English: I had no time, so I was troubled.
ともだちがこなくて、さびしい です。
Nepali: साथी नआएर एक्लोपन लाग्यो।
English: My friend didn’t come, so I’m lonely.
🔴 3. 〜ので (Polite reason)
Meaning
because (soft and polite)
more formal than 〜て／で
Structure
verb plain + ので
i-adjective + ので
na-adjective + な + ので
noun + な + ので
Examples
あめがふるので、たいへんです。
Nepali: पानी पर्ने भएकाले गाह्रो छ।
English: Because it’s raining, it’s difficult.
やすみなので、うれしいです。
Nepali: बिदा भएकाले खुशी छु।
English: It’s a holiday, so I’m happy.
🔴 4. 〜とちゅうで (In the middle of)
Meaning
while doing something
during the process
Structure
verb dictionary form + とちゅうで
Examples
いえにかえるとちゅうで、あめがふりました。
Nepali: घर फर्कँदै गर्दा पानी पर्यो।
English: While going home, it started raining.
べんきょうするとちゅうで、ねむくなりました。
Nepali: पढ्दै गर्दा निद्रा लाग्यो।
English: While studying, I got sleepy.
✅ Lesson 39 Summary
〜て／で → soft reason (feelings)
〜なくて → negat
ive reason
〜ので → polite reason
〜とちゅうで → in the middle of doing something
This lesson helps learners connect reasons naturally in Japanese conversation.